First-year Students Often Need to Read and Understand:

Estimated completion time: 25 minutes.

Questions to consider:

• What methods can you comprise into your routine to allow adequate time for reading?
• What are the benefits and approaches to active reading?
• Practise your courses or major accept specific reading requirements?

Assuasive Adequate Time for Reading

Y'all should decide the reading requirements and expectations for every grade very early on in the semester. Yous also demand to understand why you lot are reading the particular text you are assigned. Do you need to read closely for minute details that determine cause and result? Or is your instructor asking you lot to skim several sources so you become more familiar with the topic? Knowing this reasoning will aid you decide your timing, what notes to take, and how best to undertake the reading assignment.

Figure five.3 If you plan to make time for reading while you lot commute, remember that unexpected events like delays and cancellations could impact your concentration.

Depending on the makeup of your schedule, yous may end upwards reading both primary sources—such as legal documents, historic letters, or diaries—too as textbooks, articles, and secondary sources, such as summaries or belligerent essays that use chief sources to pale a claim. You may also demand to read current journalistic texts to stay current in local or global affairs. A realistic approach to scheduling your time to allow you to read and review all the reading you have for the semester volition help you achieve what can sometimes seem similar an overwhelming task.

When you allow acceptable time in your hectic schedule for reading, you lot are investing in your own success. Reading isn't a magic pill, but information technology may seem similar information technology when you consider all the benefits people reap from this ordinary do. Famous successful people throughout history have been voracious readers. In fact, former U.S. president Harry Truman once said, "Non all readers are leaders, simply all leaders are readers." Writer of the U.Southward. Declaration of Independence, inventor, and likewise former U.S. president Thomas Jefferson claimed "I cannot live without books" at a fourth dimension when keeping and reading books was an expensive pastime. Knowing what information technology meant to be kept from the joys of reading, 19th-century abolitionist Frederick Douglass said, "Once you learn to read, yous volition be forever free." And finally, George R. R. Martin, the prolific author of the wildly successful Game of Thrones empire, declared, "A reader lives a thousand lives before he dies . . . The man who never reads lives simply one."

You can make time for reading in a number of means that include determining your usual reading pace and speed, scheduling active reading sessions, and practicing recursive reading strategies.

Determining Reading Speed and Pacing

To determine your reading speed, select a department of text—passages in a textbook or pages in a novel. Fourth dimension yourself reading that material for exactly v minutes, and notation how much reading yous accomplished in those 5 minutes. Multiply the amount of reading y'all achieved in five minutes by 12 to determine your average reading pace (five times 12 equals the 60 minutes of an 60 minutes). Of class, your reading pace will be dissimilar and have longer if you are taking notes while yous read, but this adding of reading step gives you a practiced fashion to estimate your reading speed that y'all can adapt to other forms of reading.

Example Reading Times
Reader	Pages Read in 5 Minutes	Pages per Hour	Gauge Hours to Read 500 Pages
Marta	4	48	10 hours, 30 minutes
Jordi	3	36	13 hours
Estevan	5	60	8 hours, 20 minutes

And then, for instance, if Marta was able to read 4 pages of a dense novel for her English class in five minutes, she should be able to read about 48 pages in i hour. Knowing this, Marta can accurately determine how much fourth dimension she needs to devote to finishing the novel within a set amount of fourth dimension, instead of but guessing. If the novel Marta is reading is 497 pages, and so Marta would take the total page count (497) and divide that by her hourly reading rate (48 pages/hour) to make up one's mind that she needs nearly 10 to eleven hours overall. To stop the novel spread out over two weeks, Marta needs to read a little under an hr a solar day to accomplish this goal.

Calculating your reading rate in this manner does not take into business relationship days where you're also distracted and you lot accept to reread passages or days when you simply aren't in the mood to read. And your reading rate will probable vary depending on how dense the content yous're reading is (e.g., a complex textbook vs. a comic volume). Your stride may slow downwardly somewhat if yous are non very interested in what the text is about. What this method volition help you do is be realistic about your reading time every bit opposed to waging a guess based on nothing and then condign worried when you have far more than reading to end than the time bachelor.

Chapter 3, "Time Management and Prioritization," offers more item on how best to decide your speed from one blazon of reading to the next so you are improve able to schedule your reading.

Scheduling Set Times for Agile Reading

Active reading takes longer than reading through passages without stopping. You lot may not need to read your latest sci-fi serial actively while you're lounging on the beach, but many other reading situations demand more attention from you. Agile reading is particularly of import for college courses. You are a scholar actively engaging with the text past posing questions, seeking answers, and clarifying any confusing elements. Program to spend at least twice as long to read actively than to read passages without taking notes or otherwise marking select elements of the text.

To determine the time yous need for active reading, use the same calculations you use to decide your traditional reading speed and double information technology. Remember that you demand to determine your reading footstep for all the classes y'all have in a detail semester and multiply your speed past the number of classes you lot have that require unlike types of reading.

Example Active Reading Times
Reader	Pages Read in 5 Minutes	Pages per Hour	Approximate Hours to Read 500 Pages	Approximate Hours to Actively Read 500 Pages
Marta	four	48	x hours, 30 minutes	21 hours
Jordi	3	36	thirteen hours	26 hours
Estevan	5	lx	8 hours, 20 minutes	xvi hours, twoscore minutes

Practicing Recursive Reading Strategies

One fact about reading for college courses that may get frustrating is that, in a way, it never ends. For all the reading yous practise, you stop upwards doing even more rereading. It may exist the same content, simply you lot may exist reading the passage more than than in one case to find the emphasis the writer places on one aspect of the topic or how oftentimes the writer dismisses a pregnant counterargument. This rereading is chosen recursive reading.

For most of what y'all read at the college level, you lot are trying to make sense of the text for a specific purpose—not just because the topic interests or entertains y'all. You need your full attending to decipher everything that's going on in complex reading material—and yous even need to be considering what the writer of the piece may not be including and why. This is why reading for comprehension is recursive.

Specifically, this boils down to seeing reading not as a formula merely as a process that is far more circular than linear. You may read a selection from beginning to end, which is an excellent starting point, but for comprehension, you'll need to go back and reread passages to decide significant and brand connections between the reading and the bigger learning environment that led yous to the option—that may be a single grade or a plan in your college, or it may exist the larger subject, such as all biologists or the community of scholars studying beach erosion.

People frequently say writing is rewriting. For higher courses, reading is rereading.

Strong readers engage in numerous steps, sometimes combining more than one pace simultaneously, but knowing the steps nonetheless. They include, not always in this order:

• bringing whatsoever prior knowledge about the topic to the reading session,
• asking yourself pertinent questions, both orally and in writing, about the content yous are reading,
• inferring and/or implying information from what you read,
• learning unfamiliar discipline-specific terms,
• evaluating what you are reading, and eventually,
• applying what you're reading to other learning and life situations yous meet.

Permit's interruption these steps into manageable chunks, because you lot are actually doing quite a lot when you read.

Effigy v.4 The six elements of recursive reading should be considered equally a circular, not linear, process.

Accessing Prior Knowledge

When you lot read, you naturally think of anything else y'all may know nearly the topic, but when you read deliberately and actively, you make yourself more aware of accessing this prior noesis. Have you ever watched a documentary about this topic? Did you study some attribute of information technology in another class? Practise you accept a hobby that is somehow connected to this cloth? All of this thinking will help y'all make sense of what you lot are reading.

Awarding

Imagining that you were given a affiliate to read in your American history class about the Gettysburg Accost, write down what you already know about this historic document. How might thinking through this prior knowledge help yous improve empathize the text?

Asking Questions

Humans are naturally curious beings. As you read actively, you should be request questions nearly the topic you are reading. Don't just say the questions in your mind; write them down. You lot may ask: Why is this topic important? What is the relevance of this topic currently? Was this topic important a long fourth dimension agone just irrelevant now? Why did my professor assign this reading?

You need a place where you lot can really write down these questions; a split folio in your notes is a good place to begin. If you are taking notes on your computer, start a new document and write downwardly the questions. Leave some room to answer the questions when yous begin and again later on you read.

Inferring and Implying

When you read, you can take the information on the page and infer, or conclude responses to related challenges from evidence or from your own reasoning. A student will likely be able to infer what material the professor volition include on an examination by taking good notes throughout the classes leading up to the test.

Writers may imply information without directly stating a fact for a variety of reasons. Sometimes a author may non want to come out explicitly and country a bias, only may imply or hint at his or her preference for one political party or another. You lot have to read carefully to find implications because they are indirect, but watching for them volition help you cover the whole meaning of a passage.

Learning Vocabulary

Vocabulary specific to sure disciplines helps practitioners in that field engage and communicate with each other. Few people beyond undertakers and archeologists likely use the term sarcophagus in everyday communications, but for those disciplines, it is a meaningful distinction. Looking at the example, yous can use context clues to figure out the pregnant of the term sarcophagus because it is something undertakers and/or archeologists would recognize. At the very least, you can approximate that it has something to do with death. As a potential professional in the field you're studying, yous need to know the lingo. You may already have a system in place to learn bailiwick-specific vocabulary, and then use what y'all know works for you lot. Ii strong strategies are to look up words in a dictionary (online or difficult copy) to ensure you have the exact significant for your discipline and to proceed a dedicated listing of words you come across oft in your reading. You can listing the words with a short definition so you have a quick reference guide to help you lot larn the vocabulary.

Evaluating

Intelligent people always question and evaluate. This doesn't hateful they don't trust others; they only demand verification of facts to understand a topic well. It doesn't make sense to larn incomplete or wrong information almost a subject simply considering you didn't take the time to evaluate all the sources at your disposal. When early explorers were afraid to sail the earth for fear of falling off the edge, they weren't stupid; they just didn't have all the necessary data to evaluate the state of affairs.

When you evaluate a text, you lot are seeking to understand the presented topic. Depending on how long the text is, you will perform a number of steps and echo many of these steps to evaluate all the elements the author presents. When y'all evaluate a text, y'all need to do the post-obit:

• Scan the title and all headings.
• Read through the unabridged passage fully.
• Question what master signal the writer is making.
• Decide who the audience is.
• Identify what show/support the writer uses.
• Consider if the author presents a counterbalanced perspective on the primary point.
• Recognize if the author introduced any biases in the text.

When you become through a text looking for each of these elements, you need to go beyond just answering the surface question; for instance, the audience may be a specific field of scientists, but could anyone else sympathize the text with some explanation? Why would that be important?

Analysis Question

Think of an article you demand to read for a class. Take the steps above on how to evaluate a text, and apply the steps to the article. When you accomplish the task in each step, enquire yourself and take notes to answer the question: Why is this important? For example, when yous read the championship, does that give yous whatsoever additional information that will aid you cover the text? If the text were written for a unlike audition, what might the author need to change to adapt that group? How does an author'due south bias distort an statement? This deep evaluation allows you lot to fully empathize the principal ideas and place the text in context with other material on the aforementioned subject, with current events, and within the discipline.

Applying

When you acquire something new, it ever connects to other cognition you already have. 1 challenge nosotros take is applying new information. Information technology may be interesting to know the distance to the moon, but how do we apply information technology to something nosotros need to practice? If your biology instructor asked you lot to listing several challenges of colonizing Mars and you exercise non know much about that planet'due south exploration, you may be able to use your cognition of how far Earth is from the moon to apply it to the new job. You may accept to read several other texts in addition to reading graphs and charts to find this information.

That was the claiming the early space explorers faced forth with myriad unknowns earlier space travel was a more regular occurrence. They had to accept what they already knew and could written report and read about and utilize it to an unknown situation. These explorers wrote down their challenges, failures, and successes, and now scientists read those texts equally a part of the e'er-growing body of text about space travel. Awarding is a sophisticated level of thinking that helps turn theory into practice and challenges into successes.

Preparing to Read for Specific Disciplines in College

Different disciplines in college may accept specific expectations, just you can depend on all subjects asking you to read to some caste. In this higher reading requirement, y'all can succeed past learning to read actively, researching the topic and author, and recognizing how your own preconceived notions affect your reading. Reading for higher isn't the same every bit reading for pleasure or even simply reading to learn something on your own because you are casually interested.

In college courses, your teacher may inquire you to read articles, capacity, books, or master sources (those original documents nearly which we write and written report, such as messages between celebrated figures or the Declaration of Independence). Your instructor may want you lot to have a general background on a topic before you dive into that subject in grade, so that you know the history of a topic, can start thinking virtually it, and tin engage in a class word with more than than a passing cognition of the upshot.

If you are near to participate in an in-depth half-dozen-week consideration of the U.South. Constitution but have never read it or annihilation written near it, you lot will take a hard fourth dimension looking at anything in detail or understanding how and why it is significant. As yous can imagine, a slap-up deal has been written about the Constitution by scholars and citizens since the late 1700s when it was first put to paper (that's how they did it and so). While the actual certificate isn't that long (nearly 12–15 pages depending on how it is presented), learning the details on how information technology came nearly, who was involved, and why it was and still is a meaning document would have a considerable amount of time to read and digest. So, how do you do it all? Particularly when yous may accept an instructor who drops hints that yous may also beloved to read a historic novel covering the same fourth dimension menses . . . in your spare fourth dimension, not required, of form! It tin can exist daunting, especially if you are taking more than i class that has fourth dimension-consuming reading lists. With a few strategic techniques, you tin can manage information technology all, only know that you must have a programme and schedule your required reading so you are also able to pick up that recommended celebrated novel—information technology may give you an entirely new perspective on the result.

Strategies for Reading in College Disciplines

No universal law exists for how much reading instructors and institutions await college students to undertake for various disciplines. Suffice information technology to say, it's a LOT.

For well-nigh students, it is the book of reading that catches them most off guard when they begin their higher careers. A total grade load might require ten–xv hours of reading per calendar week, some of that covering content that will be more than difficult than the reading for other courses.

Y'all cannot mayhap read word-for-word every unmarried document you need to read for all your classes. That doesn't mean yous give up or decide to but read for your favorite classes or concoct a scheme to read 17 percentage for each class and run across how that works for you. You need to learn to skim, annotate, and have notes. All of these techniques will assistance you comprehend more of what you read, which is why nosotros read in the start identify. Nosotros'll talk more later nigh annotating and notetaking, only for now consider what y'all know almost skimming as opposed to agile reading.

Skimming

Skimming is not but glancing over the words on a page (or screen) to run across if whatsoever of it sticks. Effective skimming allows y'all to accept in the major points of a passage without the need for a fourth dimension-consuming reading session that involves your active use of notations and annotations. Ofttimes you will need to appoint in that painstaking level of active reading, but skimming is the commencement step—not an alternative to deep reading. The fact remains that neither practice yous need to read everything nor could you possibly accomplish that given your express time. So learn this valuable skill of skimming as an accessory to your overall study tool kit, and with practice and experience, you will fully understand how valuable it is.

When you skim, look for guides to your understanding: headings, definitions, pull quotes, tables, and context clues. Textbooks are oft helpful for skimming—they may already have made some of these skimming guides in assuming or a different color, and chapters oftentimes follow a anticipated outline. Some even provide an overview and summary for sections or capacity. Employ whatever you tin get, merely don't stop at that place. In textbooks that have some reading guides, or especially in text that does not, expect for introductory words such equally First or The purpose of this commodity . . . or summary words such every bit In conclusion . . . or Finally. These guides will help you lot read only those sentences or paragraphs that will give yous the overall meaning or gist of a passage or book.

At present move to the meat of the passage. Y'all want to have in the reading every bit a whole. For a volume, look at the titles of each chapter if available. Read each chapter'due south introductory paragraph and make up one's mind why the writer chose this item club. Depending on what you lot're reading, the chapters may be but advisory, but often you're looking for a specific statement. What position is the writer claiming? What support, counterarguments, and conclusions is the writer presenting?

Don't think of skimming every bit a manner to fizz through a tedious reading assignment. It is a skill you should master and then you can engage, at diverse levels, with all the reading y'all need to achieve in college. End your skimming session with a few notes—terms to expect up, questions you still have, and an overall summary. And recognize that yous likely will return to that book or article for a more thorough reading if the material is useful.

Active Reading Strategies

Active reading differs significantly from skimming or reading for pleasure. You tin can think of active reading as a sort of conversation between you lot and the text (peradventure betwixt you lot and the author, but you lot don't want to go the author's personality too involved in this metaphor because that may skew your appointment with the text).

When you lot sit down to determine what your different classes expect you to read and you create a reading schedule to ensure you complete all the reading, recall virtually when you should read the fabric strategically, not just how to become information technology all done. You lot should read textbook capacity and other reading assignments before you become into a lecture almost that data. Don't expect to see how the lecture goes earlier you read the material, or you may not understand the data in the lecture. Reading before course helps you lot put ideas together between your reading and the information you hear and discuss in course.

Unlike disciplines naturally take unlike types of texts, and you need to take this into account when yous schedule your fourth dimension for reading course fabric. For example, y'all may look at a poem for your earth literature grade and assume that information technology will not have you long to read because it is relatively short compared to the dumbo textbook you have for your economics course. Simply reading and understanding a poem can accept a considerable corporeality of time when you realize you may demand to stop numerous times to review the dissever word meanings and how the words grade images and connections throughout the poem.

The SQ3R Reading Strategy

You lot may accept heard of the SQ3R method for active reading in your early didactics. This valuable technique is perfect for college reading. The championship stands for Due southurvey, Question, Read, Recite, Review, and you can utilize the steps on virtually any assigned passage. Designed past Francis Pleasant Robinson in his 1961 book Effective Report, the agile reading strategy gives readers a systematic way to work through any reading material.

Survey is like to skimming. You wait for clues to meaning by reading the titles, headings, introductions, summary, captions for graphics, and keywords. You tin can survey almost annihilation connected to the reading choice, including the copyright information, the date of the journal article, or the names and qualifications of the author(southward). In this step, yous decide what the full general meaning is for the reading choice.

Question is your cosmos of questions to seek the main ideas, back up, examples, and conclusions of the reading pick. Ask yourself these questions separately. Endeavor to create valid questions about what you are about to read that have come up into your mind as you lot engaged in the Survey stride. Attempt turning the headings of the sections in the chapter into questions. Next, how does what you're reading chronicle to you, your schoolhouse, your community, and the world?

Read is when you really read the passage. Endeavour to find the answers to questions you developed in the previous step. Make up one's mind how much you lot are reading in chunks, either by paragraph for more circuitous readings or by section or fifty-fifty past an entire chapter. When you finish reading the selection, stop to brand notes. Answer the questions past writing a note in the margin or other white space of the text.

You lot may besides carefully underline or highlight text in addition to your notes. Use caution here that you don't endeavor to rush this step by haphazardly circumvoluted terms or the other extreme of underlining huge chunks of text. Don't over-marker. Yous aren't likely to remember what these ambiguous marks hateful afterward when you come up dorsum to employ this active reading session to study. The text is the source of information—your marks and notes are merely a way to organize and brand sense of that information.

Recite ways to speak out loud. By reciting, you are engaging other senses to call up the material—yous read it (visual) and you said it (auditory). End reading momentarily in the step to respond your questions or clarify confusing sentences or paragraphs. Yous can recite a summary of what the text means to you. If yous are not in a identify where you tin can verbalize, such equally a library or classroom, yous tin reach this stride adequately byproverb it in your caput; however, to become the biggest bang for your buck, try to notice a place where you can speak aloud. You may even want to try explaining the content to a friend.

Review is a recap. Go back over what you read and add more notes, ensuring you lot take captured the main points of the passage, identified the supporting prove and examples, and understood the overall meaning. You may need to echo some or all of the SQR3 steps during your review depending on the length and complexity of the material. Before yous stop your active reading session, write a curt (no more than than one folio is optimal) summary of the text y'all read.

Reading Primary and Secondary Sources

Primary sources are original documents we study and from which we glean information; chief sources include messages, starting time editions of books, legal documents, and a multifariousness of other texts. When scholars look at these documents to understand a menstruation in history or a scientific challenge so write about their findings, the scholar'south commodity is considered a secondary source. Readers have to go on several factors in heed when reading both chief and secondary sources.

Primary sources may contain dated cloth we now know is inaccurate. Information technology may contain personal beliefs and biases the original author didn't intent to be openly published, and it may even present fanciful or creative ideas that do not support current knowledge. Readers can even so gain great insight from primary sources, but readers need to understand the context from which the author of the primary source wrote the text.

Likewise, secondary sources are inevitably another person'southward perspective on the principal source, so a reader of secondary sources must also be aware of potential biases or preferences the secondary source writer inserts in the writing that may persuade an incautious reader to interpret the principal source in a particular manner.

For example, if you were to read a secondary source that is examining the U.S. Declaration of Independence (the primary source), you would have a much clearer thought of how the secondary source scholar presented the information from the primary source if y'all as well read the Announcement for yourself instead of trusting the other writer'south interpretation. Most scholars are honest in writing secondary sources, just y'all as a reader of the source are trusting the author to present a balanced perspective of the master source. When possible, you should effort to read a primary source in conjunction with the secondary source. The Internet helps immensely with this exercise.

What Students Say

1. What is the most influential factor in how thoroughly you read the material for a given course?
   1. How engaging the fabric is or how much I savor reading it.
   2. Whether or non the course is function of my major.
   3. Whether or non the instructor assesses cognition from the reading (through quizzes, for case), or requires assignments based on the reading.
   4. Whether or non knowledge or data from the reading is required to participate in lecture.
2. What best describes your reading approach for required texts/materials for your classes?
   1. I read all of the assigned textile.
   2. I read well-nigh of the assigned cloth.
   3. I skim the text and read the captions, examples, or summaries.
3. What best describes your notetaking fashion?
   1. I apply a systematic method such as the Cornell method or something like.
   2. I highlight or underline all the of import information.
   3. I create outlines and/or note-cards.
   4. I use an app or program.
   5. I write notes in my text (print or digital).
   6. I don't take a style. I simply write downwardly what seems important.
   7. I don't accept many notes.

Yous can also take the bearding What Students Say surveys to add your voice to this textbook. Your responses will be included in updates.

Students offered their views on these questions, and the results are displayed in the graphs below.

What is the almost influential cistron in how thoroughly you read the textile for a given form?

Figure 5.five

What best describes your reading approach for required texts/materials for your classes?

Figure 5.half-dozen

What best describes your notetaking style?

Figure 5.seven

Researching Topic and Author

During your preview stage, sometimes called pre-reading, yous can hands pick up on information from various sources that may assist you lot sympathize the fabric y'all're reading more fully or identify it in context with other important works in the discipline. If your option is a book, flip it over or plow to the back pages and look for an writer'south biography or note from the author. Run across if the book itself contains whatsoever other information well-nigh the author or the subject matter.

The main things you need to remember from your reading in higher are the topics covered and how the data fits into the field of study. You can find these parts throughout the textbook affiliate in the course of headings in larger and assuming font, summary lists, and important quotations pulled out of the narrative. Use these features as you lot read to assist you make up one's mind what the most important ideas are.

Figure 5.8 Learning about the volume you're reading can provide proficient context and data. Await for an author's biography and frontward on the dorsum cover or in the first few pages. (Credit: Mark Hillary / Flickr / Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC-Past 2.0))

Call up, many books use quotations about the volume or writer as testimonials in a marketing approach to sell more books, so these may not be the most reliable sources of unbiased opinions, only information technology's a start. Sometimes you can find a listing of other books the writer has written almost the front of a book. Do y'all recognize any of the other titles? Can you do an Internet search for the name of the book or author? Go across the search results that want y'all to purchase the book and encounter if you can glean any other relevant information near the author or the reading selection. Beyond a standard Internet search, try the library article database. These are more relevant to bookish disciplines and contain resource y'all typically volition not notice in a standard search engine. If you are unfamiliar with how to use the library database, inquire a reference librarian on campus. They are often underused resources that can indicate you lot in the right direction.

Agreement Your Own Preset Ideas on a Topic

Laura really enjoys learning about environmental problems. She has read many books and watched numerous televised documentaries on this topic and actively seeks out additional information on the environs. While Laura'due south interest can help her empathize a new reading encounter most the environment, Laura also has to be aware that with this interest, she also brings forward her preset ideas and biases almost the topic. Sometimes these prejudices confronting other ideas relate to religion or nationality or even just tradition. Without evidence, thinking the way we e'er have is not a skilful enough reason; bear witness can change, and at the very to the lowest degree it needs honest review and assessment to determine its validity. Ironically, we may not want to larn new ideas because that may mean we would take to give up old ideas we have already mastered, which can be a daunting prospect.

With every reading situation about the surroundings, Laura needs to remain open-minded near what she is nearly to read and pay careful attending if she begins to ignore certain parts of the text because of her preconceived notions. Learning new information tin can be very difficult if yous balk at ideas that are dissimilar from what you've always thought. You may have to force yourself to listen to a different viewpoint multiple times to make sure yous are not closing your mind to a feasible solution your mindset does not currently allow.

Analysis Question

Can you lot recollect of times you have struggled reading higher content for a course? Which of these strategies might have helped you empathize the content? Why do yous think those strategies would work?

avilaflized.blogspot.com

Source: https://openstax.org/books/college-success/pages/5-2-effective-reading-strategies